The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into two halves.
1. Columellar septum- It is formed of columella. It is made up of medial crura of alar cartilages joined together by fibrous tissue and covered on either side by the skin.
2. Membranous septum- It consists of a double layer of skin with no bony or cartilaginous support. It is situated between the columella and caudal border of septal cartilage Both columellar and membranous parts are freely movable from side to side.
3. Septum proper- It consists of an osteo-cartilaginous framework. It is covered by a nasal mucous membrane.
Bony part: This is made up of:
Cartilaginous part: It is formed by quadrilateral septal cartilage.
The middle ear cavity and the auditory tube arise from a first pharyngeal pouch called the tubotympanic sulcus, lined by endoderm.
Sphenoid Rostrum.
Nasal bones, nasal spine of frontal bones.
Internal carotid system
Internal carotid system